what does a ratio of 1 to many mean? [closed]

It depends on the problem that you are solving, but I will put this example to try to explain

EXPLANATION ONE TO MANY

Cardinality between entities

  

Usually the table structure is read from right to left,   that is, table B is on the right and table A is on the left

Example.

Within a blog, we have that a user can have or make multiple posts / publications; therefore the design of our tables should be as follows

  

The following table represents my user entity as the principal   of the 2 required in this example, whose primary key is the id

describe usuarios;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | bigint(20)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| clave | varchar(20)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

Now as our relationship is one to many, where a user has multiple publications, the structure of the publications table is as follows

describe publicaciones;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | bigint(20)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| title   | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| body    | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| user_id | bigint(20)   | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

What do I see in my publications table?

As you can see I have a user_id field of the same type of BIGINT data that will be linked to the id of the user table; it is this same field which is going to become our foreign key; given that now every time we register a new publication it will be saved as follows

INSERT INTO usuarios(name, clave) VALUES("alfred", "password");

INSERT INTO publicaciones (title, body, user_id) VALUES("php", "es un lenguaje", 1);

  

Where the number 1 that I insert at the end of my SQL statement is the id of   the users table; but instead of putting the user's name I put   said id that is linked to the user_id of the publications table

To finish as you already separated your entities, you respected the normalization of databases, which is not having repeated data; so if you want to get those records now you can use the JOINS

As I now want to show all the publications associated with a user I do the following

select name, title FROM usuarios
JOIN publicaciones
ON usuarios.id = publicaciones.user_id
WHERE usuarios.id = 1;

What results in the following

+--------+-------+
| name   | title |
+--------+-------+
| alfred | php   |
| alfred | js    |
+--------+-------+