Get a list of the mime-types supported on Android

Actually Android supports the vast majority of the MIME TYPES defined by the resources, see list:

Complete list of MIME types (MIME TYPES)

But it depends on the applications that you have installed on your device that are the ones that define being able to open certain type of content.

If you want to know specifically that MIME TYPES are supported by a certain operating system, I advise you to check in the class code MediaFile of the Android SDK, as an example these last 3 (March 2018):

• Marshmallow

• Nougat

• A a>

static {
    addFileType("MP3", FILE_TYPE_MP3, "audio/mpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MP3, true);
    addFileType("MPGA", FILE_TYPE_MP3, "audio/mpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MP3, false);
    addFileType("M4A", FILE_TYPE_M4A, "audio/mp4", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, false);
    addFileType("WAV", FILE_TYPE_WAV, "audio/x-wav", MtpConstants.FORMAT_WAV, true);
    addFileType("AMR", FILE_TYPE_AMR, "audio/amr");
    addFileType("AWB", FILE_TYPE_AWB, "audio/amr-wb");
    if (isWMAEnabled()) {
        addFileType("WMA", FILE_TYPE_WMA, "audio/x-ms-wma", MtpConstants.FORMAT_WMA, true);
    }
    addFileType("OGG", FILE_TYPE_OGG, "audio/ogg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_OGG, false);
    addFileType("OGG", FILE_TYPE_OGG, "application/ogg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_OGG, true);
    addFileType("OGA", FILE_TYPE_OGG, "application/ogg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_OGG, false);
    addFileType("AAC", FILE_TYPE_AAC, "audio/aac", MtpConstants.FORMAT_AAC, true);
    addFileType("AAC", FILE_TYPE_AAC, "audio/aac-adts", MtpConstants.FORMAT_AAC, false);
    addFileType("MKA", FILE_TYPE_MKA, "audio/x-matroska");

        addFileType("MID", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("MIDI", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("XMF", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("RTTTL", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("SMF", FILE_TYPE_SMF, "audio/sp-midi");
        addFileType("IMY", FILE_TYPE_IMY, "audio/imelody");
        addFileType("RTX", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("OTA", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");
        addFileType("MXMF", FILE_TYPE_MID, "audio/midi");

        addFileType("MPEG", FILE_TYPE_MP4, "video/mpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, true);
        addFileType("MPG", FILE_TYPE_MP4, "video/mpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, false);
        addFileType("MP4", FILE_TYPE_MP4, "video/mp4", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, false);
        addFileType("M4V", FILE_TYPE_M4V, "video/mp4", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, false);
        addFileType("MOV", FILE_TYPE_QT, "video/quicktime", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MPEG, false);

        addFileType("3GP", FILE_TYPE_3GPP, "video/3gpp",  MtpConstants.FORMAT_3GP_CONTAINER, true);
        addFileType("3GPP", FILE_TYPE_3GPP, "video/3gpp", MtpConstants.FORMAT_3GP_CONTAINER, false);
        addFileType("3G2", FILE_TYPE_3GPP2, "video/3gpp2", MtpConstants.FORMAT_3GP_CONTAINER, false);
        addFileType("3GPP2", FILE_TYPE_3GPP2, "video/3gpp2", MtpConstants.FORMAT_3GP_CONTAINER, false);
        addFileType("MKV", FILE_TYPE_MKV, "video/x-matroska");
        addFileType("WEBM", FILE_TYPE_WEBM, "video/webm");
        addFileType("TS", FILE_TYPE_MP2TS, "video/mp2ts");
        addFileType("AVI", FILE_TYPE_AVI, "video/avi");

        if (isWMVEnabled()) {
            addFileType("WMV", FILE_TYPE_WMV, "video/x-ms-wmv", MtpConstants.FORMAT_WMV, true);
            addFileType("ASF", FILE_TYPE_ASF, "video/x-ms-asf");
        }

        addFileType("JPG", FILE_TYPE_JPEG, "image/jpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_EXIF_JPEG, true);
        addFileType("JPEG", FILE_TYPE_JPEG, "image/jpeg", MtpConstants.FORMAT_EXIF_JPEG, false);
        addFileType("GIF", FILE_TYPE_GIF, "image/gif", MtpConstants.FORMAT_GIF, true);
        addFileType("PNG", FILE_TYPE_PNG, "image/png", MtpConstants.FORMAT_PNG, true);
        addFileType("BMP", FILE_TYPE_BMP, "image/x-ms-bmp", MtpConstants.FORMAT_BMP, true);
        addFileType("WBMP", FILE_TYPE_WBMP, "image/vnd.wap.wbmp", MtpConstants.FORMAT_DEFINED, false);
        addFileType("WEBP", FILE_TYPE_WEBP, "image/webp", MtpConstants.FORMAT_DEFINED, false);

        addFileType("DNG", FILE_TYPE_DNG, "image/x-adobe-dng", MtpConstants.FORMAT_DNG, true);
        addFileType("CR2", FILE_TYPE_CR2, "image/x-canon-cr2", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("NEF", FILE_TYPE_NEF, "image/x-nikon-nef", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF_EP, false);
        addFileType("NRW", FILE_TYPE_NRW, "image/x-nikon-nrw", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("ARW", FILE_TYPE_ARW, "image/x-sony-arw", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("RW2", FILE_TYPE_RW2, "image/x-panasonic-rw2", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("ORF", FILE_TYPE_ORF, "image/x-olympus-orf", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("RAF", FILE_TYPE_RAF, "image/x-fuji-raf", MtpConstants.FORMAT_DEFINED, false);
        addFileType("PEF", FILE_TYPE_PEF, "image/x-pentax-pef", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);
        addFileType("SRW", FILE_TYPE_SRW, "image/x-samsung-srw", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TIFF, false);

        addFileType("M3U", FILE_TYPE_M3U, "audio/x-mpegurl", MtpConstants.FORMAT_M3U_PLAYLIST, true);
        addFileType("M3U", FILE_TYPE_M3U, "application/x-mpegurl", MtpConstants.FORMAT_M3U_PLAYLIST, false);
        addFileType("PLS", FILE_TYPE_PLS, "audio/x-scpls", MtpConstants.FORMAT_PLS_PLAYLIST, true);
        addFileType("WPL", FILE_TYPE_WPL, "application/vnd.ms-wpl", MtpConstants.FORMAT_WPL_PLAYLIST, true);
        addFileType("M3U8", FILE_TYPE_HTTPLIVE, "application/vnd.apple.mpegurl");
        addFileType("M3U8", FILE_TYPE_HTTPLIVE, "audio/mpegurl");
        addFileType("M3U8", FILE_TYPE_HTTPLIVE, "audio/x-mpegurl");

        addFileType("FL", FILE_TYPE_FL, "application/x-android-drm-fl");

        addFileType("TXT", FILE_TYPE_TEXT, "text/plain", MtpConstants.FORMAT_TEXT, true);
        addFileType("HTM", FILE_TYPE_HTML, "text/html", MtpConstants.FORMAT_HTML, true);
        addFileType("HTML", FILE_TYPE_HTML, "text/html", MtpConstants.FORMAT_HTML, false);
        addFileType("PDF", FILE_TYPE_PDF, "application/pdf");
        addFileType("DOC", FILE_TYPE_MS_WORD, "application/msword", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MS_WORD_DOCUMENT, true);
        addFileType("XLS", FILE_TYPE_MS_EXCEL, "application/vnd.ms-excel", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MS_EXCEL_SPREADSHEET, true);
        addFileType("PPT", FILE_TYPE_MS_POWERPOINT, "application/mspowerpoint", MtpConstants.FORMAT_MS_POWERPOINT_PRESENTATION, true);
        addFileType("FLAC", FILE_TYPE_FLAC, "audio/flac", MtpConstants.FORMAT_FLAC, true);
        addFileType("ZIP", FILE_TYPE_ZIP, "application/zip");
        addFileType("MPG", FILE_TYPE_MP2PS, "video/mp2p");
        addFileType("MPEG", FILE_TYPE_MP2PS, "video/mp2p");
    }

How to use the class MimeTypeMap .

This is the example of a method which receives a url, gets its extension and determines the type of MIME TYPE used:

  public static String getMimeType(String url) {
        String type = null;
        String extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(url);
        if (extension != null) {
            type = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
        }
        return type;
    }

If the MIME TYPE of the resource is not supported, a null value will be obtained.