As you answered in the comments, via Web you do not have access to the files that are outside the public folder of your server or DOCUMENTROOT, it is an excellent configuration / security practice to leave the files that have all the logic protected of our application.
For what you need you can use the following ex. as a guide:
The index.php sends itself as a parameter the action that you want to perform (?do=accion1 en la acción del formulario o si quieres puedes usar un campo hidden y enviarlo por POST o cómo tú quieras)
. This index that is in the public folder acts as a front-end controller ( a single PHP file through which all user requests are processed ) receives the parameters, processes them and executes the corresponding actions by accessing the files that are in the "protected" part of our app.
index.php
<?php
$do = $_GET['do'] ?? null;
if ($do) {
switch ($do) {
case 'accion1':
// tu codigo para la accion 1
require_once '../ficheros/procesa.php';
break;
case 'accion2':
// tu codigo para la accion 1
require_once '../ficheros/procesa.php';
break;
default:
// hacer algo x default o simplemente ignorar
break;
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="es">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="index.php?do=accion1" method ="post">
<input type="text" name ="datos">
<button type="submit">Click</button>
</form>
</body>