Consult with related tables?

When doing the select you are delimiting the query to the specified columns. It will also show the columns you are looking for (where). To get the data from the other tables you have to specify them:

public function index()
{
  $depositos = DB::table('depositos')
       ->select('depositos.*', 'bancos.*', 'tipos.*', 'estados.*')
       ->where( 'id_usuario','=', Auth::id())
       ->join('bancos','bancos.id','=','depositos.id_banco')
       ->join('tipos','tipos.id','=','depositos.id_tipo')
       ->join('estados','estados.id','=','depositos.id_estado')
       ->paginate(5);

  return view('depositos.index', compact('depositos'));

}

Edited to extend

But if you do this type of query to the database, you will not have a Collection of objects, but of arrays.

Returns the error: Undefined property: stdClass::$banco because it cuts with the first error, but if it continues it would also return: Undefined property: stdClass::$tipo and Undefined property: stdClass::$estado .

To be able to work as you are doing in the view you have to have defined the relationships in the model and, then, make the query with the model:

Deposit Model

public function banco(){
     return $this->belongsTo('App\Models\Bancos', 'id_banco');
}

public function tipo(){
     return $this->belongsTo('App\Models\Tipos', 'id_tipo');
}

public function estado(){
     return $this->belongsTo('App\Models\Estados', 'id_estado');
}

Driver:

public function index()
    {
        $depositos = Depositos::where('id_usuario', '=', Auth::id())
            ->paginate(5);

        return view('depositos.index', compact('depositos'));
    }

And in the view: Here you can use $deposito->banco->nombre , $deposito->tipo->tipo and $deposito->estado->estado because $deposito is an object with its relationships, also objects with properties and methods.

@foreach($depositos as $deposito)
<tr>
    <td>{{ $deposito->id }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->noboleta }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->monto }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->banco->nombre }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->tipo->tipo }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->fechaboleta }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->detalles }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->observaciones }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->created_at }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->estado->estado }}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->updated_at }}</td>
</tr>
@endforeach

so I try to show the data, but I get the following error

<td>{{ $deposito->id}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->noboleta}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->monto}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->banco->nombre}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->tipo->tipo}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->fechaboleta}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->detalles}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->observaciones}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->created_at}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->estado->estado}}</td>
    <td>{{ $deposito->updated_at}}</td>
    <td>

Undefined property: stdClass :: $ bank