Capture error and display a dialog to send report on Android

An option to create something similar would be a DialogFragment, example:

public class DialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
   @Override
   public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
      builder.setPositiveButton("Continuar", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
         public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
            toast.makeText(this,"Continua",Toast.LENTH_SHORT).show();
         }
      })
      .setNegativeButton("Forzar cierre", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
         public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
toast.makeText(this,"Cierra",Toast.LENTH_SHORT).show()
            finish();
         });
         return builder.create();
      }
   }
}

But that dialogue that samples are actually generated by the operating system, is something called ANR (Application Not Responding)

Try the library ACRA It seems easy to implement and does not require 100% to have a server, to receive the reports, you can send it by email More information in your documentation

Example using a proprietary server to receive reports:

@ReportsCrashes(formUri = "http://yourserver.com/yourscript",
                formUriBasicAuthLogin = "yourlogin", // optional
                formUriBasicAuthPassword = "y0uRpa$$w0rd", // optional
                mode = ReportingInteractionMode.TOAST,
                resToastText = R.string.crash_toast_text)
public class MyApplication extends Application {
...

To show an Error dialog

@ReportsCrashes(formUri = "http://yourserver.com/yourscript",
                mode = ReportingInteractionMode.DIALOG,
                resToastText = R.string.crash_toast_text, // optional, displayed as soon as the crash occurs, before collecting data which can take a few seconds
                resDialogText = R.string.crash_dialog_text,
                resDialogIcon = android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info, //optional. default is a warning sign
                resDialogTitle = R.string.crash_dialog_title, // optional. default is your application name
                resDialogCommentPrompt = R.string.crash_dialog_comment_prompt, // optional. When defined, adds a user text field input with this text resource as a label
                resDialogEmailPrompt = R.string.crash_user_email_label, // optional. When defined, adds a user email text entry with this text resource as label. The email address will be populated from SharedPreferences and will be provided as an ACRA field if configured.
                resDialogOkToast = R.string.crash_dialog_ok_toast // optional. displays a Toast message when the user accepts to send a report.
                resDialogTheme = R.style.AppTheme_Dialog, //optional. default is Theme.Dialog
                )
public class MyApplication extends Application {
...