I do not have a MyQL database at hand, but in general terms a proposal would be to build a cursor to go through the table and for each of the records, concatenate the additional descriptions that you need and make the two inserts:
DECLARE finaliza INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE nuevaMatriz varchar(128);
DECLARE idEnsayo int;
DECLARE analisis varchar(64);
DECLARE matriz varchar(128);
...
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET finaliza = TRUE;
DECLARE micursor CURSOR FOR SELECT idEnsayo ,analisis, matriz, metodologias, laboratorio FROM mitabla;
OPEN micursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH micursor INTO idEnsayo, analisis, matriz;
IF finaliza THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
select nuevaMatriz = concat(matriz,' (Intermareal)')
insert into mitabla values (idEnsayo, analisis, nuevaMatriz);
select nuevaMatriz = concat(matriz,' (Submareal)')
insert into mitabla values (idEnsayo, analisis, nuevaMatriz);
END LOOP;
CLOSE micursor;