The problem is that your array is an array of string and not numbers so it gives you 9 as a result. You have to do an intermediate step that is to convert that string list to integers.
listados=['31', '1', '3', '2', '5', '26', '3', '3', '1', '14', '2', '1',
'21', '423', '2', '0', '0', '0', '2', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
'3', '9']
listadosNumero = [int(num) for num in listados]
print (max(listadosNumero))
And if you just want the result it would be:
listados=['31', '1', '3', '2', '5', '26', '3', '3', '1', '14', '2', '1',
'21', '423', '2', '0', '0', '0', '2', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
'3', '9']
print(max([int(num) for num in listados]))
Greetings.