I understand that the question is: Why is there no id in the url? How is that done? Understanding that the question is that, I answer:
The url is not composed of any ID by SEO and security issues. A search engine values much more if the url is readable by a human and contains keywords. The security issue is because by not putting any id you can avoid many types of sql injections or guess a sequence ...
To do that, what you do is when the server receives a request from the page, it looks for the article in the database through the title instead of the id.
The logic that follows that url seems to be that it is (category) / (title_article)