It turns out that I was testing some scripts considered "safe" to do SQL queries, I was interested, but I can not understand where the error is. It turns out that this script includes the fetch, and all that, so that it directly does% $consult = $connection->query("SELECT * FROM Table") and then an echo or what I would like to do with the result, it is not necessary to include the execute (), this is my query
$connection = new db("localhost", "basededatos", "root", "");
$consult = $connection->query("SELECT algo FROM cosas");
echo $consult;
What gives me the following error: Notice: Array to string conversion in C: \ xampp \ htdocs \ learn2 \ php \ sqlscript.php on line 251
The script is the following: link ,
<?php
/**
* DB - A simple database class
*
* @author Author: Vivek Wicky Aswal. (https://twitter.com/#!/VivekWickyAswal)
* @git https://github.com/indieteq/PHP-MySQL-PDO-Database-Class
* @version 0.2ab
*
*/
namespace PDOWrapper;
use \PDO;
class DB
{
# @var, MySQL Hostname
private $hostname = 'localhost';
# @var, MySQL Database
private $database;
# @var, MySQL Username
private $username;
# @var, MySQL Password
private $password;
# @object, The PDO object
private $pdo;
# @object, PDO statement object
private $sQuery;
# @array, The database settings
private $settings;
# @bool , Connected to the database
private $bConnected = false;
# @object, Object for logging exceptions
private $log;
# @array, The parameters of the SQL query
private $parameters;
/**
* Default Constructor
*
* 1. Instantiate Log class.
* 2. Connect to database.
* 3. Creates the parameter array.
*/
public function __construct($hostname, $database, $username, $password)
{
$this->Connect($hostname, $database, $username, $password);
$this->parameters = array();
}
/**
* This method makes connection to the database.
*
* 1. Reads the database settings from a ini file.
* 2. Puts the ini content into the settings array.
* 3. Tries to connect to the database.
* 4. If connection failed, exception is displayed and a log file gets created.
*/
private function Connect($hostname, $database, $username, $password)
{
global $settings;
$dsn = 'mysql:dbname='.$database.';host='.$hostname;
try
{
# Read settings from INI file, set UTF8
$this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password, array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8"));
# We can now log any exceptions on Fatal error.
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
# Disable emulation of prepared statements, use REAL prepared statements instead.
$this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, true);
# Connection succeeded, set the boolean to true.
$this->bConnected = true;
}
catch (PDOException $e)
{
# Write into log
echo $this->ExceptionLog($e->getMessage());
die();
}
}
/*
* You can use this little method if you want to close the PDO connection
*
*/
public function CloseConnection()
{
# Set the PDO object to null to close the connection
# http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.connections.php
$this->pdo = null;
}
/**
* Every method which needs to execute a SQL query uses this method.
*
* 1. If not connected, connect to the database.
* 2. Prepare Query.
* 3. Parameterize Query.
* 4. Execute Query.
* 5. On exception : Write Exception into the log + SQL query.
* 6. Reset the Parameters.
*/
private function Init($query,$parameters = "")
{
# Connect to database
if(!$this->bConnected) { $this->Connect(); }
try {
# Prepare query
$this->sQuery = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
# Add parameters to the parameter array
$this->bindMore($parameters);
# Bind parameters
if(!empty($this->parameters)) {
foreach($this->parameters as $param)
{
$parameters = explode("\x7F",$param);
$this->sQuery->bindParam($parameters[0],$parameters[1]);
}
}
# Execute SQL
$this->success = $this->sQuery->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
# Write into log and display Exception
$this->ExceptionLog($e->getMessage(), $query );
}
# Reset the parameters
$this->parameters = array();
}
/**
* @void
*
* Add the parameter to the parameter array
* @param string $para
* @param string $value
*/
public function bind($para, $value)
{
$this->parameters[sizeof($this->parameters)] = ":" . $para . "\x7F" . utf8_encode($value);
}
/**
* @void
*
* Add more parameters to the parameter array
* @param array $parray
*/
public function bindMore($parray)
{
if(empty($this->parameters) && is_array($parray)) {
$columns = array_keys($parray);
foreach($columns as $i => &$column) {
$this->bind($column, $parray[$column]);
}
}
}
/**
* If the SQL query contains a SELECT or SHOW statement it returns an array containing all of the result set row
* If the SQL statement is a DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE statement it returns the number of affected rows
*
* @param string $query
* @param array $params
* @param int $fetchmode
* @return mixed
*/
public function query($query,$params = null, $fetchmode = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
{
$query = trim($query);
$this->Init($query,$params);
$rawStatement = explode(" ", $query);
# Which SQL statement is used
$statement = strtolower($rawStatement[0]);
if ($statement === 'select' || $statement === 'show') {
return $this->sQuery->fetchAll($fetchmode);
}
elseif ( $statement === 'insert' || $statement === 'update' || $statement === 'delete' ) {
return $this->sQuery->rowCount();
}
else {
return NULL;
}
}
/**
* Returns the last inserted id.
* @return string
*/
public function lastInsertId() {
return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
}
/**
* Returns an array which represents a column from the result set
*
* @param string $query
* @param array $params
* @return array
*/
public function column($query,$params = null)
{
$this->Init($query,$params);
$Columns = $this->sQuery->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
$column = null;
foreach($Columns as $cells) {
$column[] = $cells[0];
}
return $column;
}
/**
* Returns an array which represents a row from the result set
*
* @param string $query
* @param array $params
* @param int $fetchmode
* @return array
*/
public function row($query,$params = null,$fetchmode = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
{
$this->Init($query,$params);
return $this->sQuery->fetch($fetchmode);
}
/**
* Returns the value of one single field/column
*
* @param string $query
* @param array $params
* @return string
*/
public function single($query,$params = null)
{
$this->Init($query,$params);
return $this->sQuery->fetchColumn();
}
/**
* Writes the log and returns the exception
*
* @param string $message
* @param string $sql
* @return string
*/
}
$connection = new db("localhost", "basededatos", "root", "");
$consult = $connection->query("SELECT algo FROM cosas");