Good, I'll leave my code here, I checked and nothing, I do not know why it does not work I thought it was something that had written the script wrong but I do not know why it does not work and I copied it from the bootstrap page just changing the id.
File index.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="librerias/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
<!-- Alertify -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="librerias/alertify/css/alertify.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="librerias/alertify/css/themes/default.css">
<!-- CSS propio -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/main.css">
<!-- FontAwsome -->
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-wvfXpqpZZVQGK6TAh5PVlGOfQNHSoD2xbE+QkPxCAFlNEevoEH3Sl0sibVcOQVnN" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- alertify, jquery y bootstrap JS -->
<script src="librerias/jquery/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="librerias/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="librerias/alertify/alertify.js"></script>
<title>Visualización de la Base de Datos NAW</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div id="tabla"></div>
</div>
<!-- Modal para registros nuevos -->
<div class="modal fade" id="modalNuevo" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Agrega nueva persona</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<label>Nombre</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="nombre" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>Apellido</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="apellido" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="email" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>telefono</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="telefono" class="form-control input-sm">
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal" id="guardarnuevo">
Agregar
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal para edicion de datos -->
<div class="modal fade" id="modalEdicion" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Actualizar datos</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<input type="text" hidden="" id="idpersona" name="">
<label>Nombre</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="nombreu" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>Apellido</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="apellidou" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="emailu" class="form-control input-sm">
<label>telefono</label>
<input type="text" name="" id="telefonou" class="form-control input-sm">
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning" id="actualizadatos" data-dismiss="modal">Actualizar</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- Jquery en el cual llamamos a la tabla -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#tabla').load('components/tabla.php');
});
</script>
File table.php
<!-- Titulo con clase de bootstrap -->
<h1 class="display-4" id="titulo"> Visualización de Datos</h1>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<caption>
<button class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modalNuevo" id="margen_inf"> Agregar Nuevo
<span class="fa fa-plus-circle"></span>
</button>
</caption>
<!-- Table-hover sombrea celdas -->
<!-- table-condensed para que se vea mas comprimido -->
<!-- Parezca una celda la tabla -->
<table class="table table-hover table-condensed table-bordered">
<tr>
<td>ID</td>
<td>Nombre y Apellido</td>
<td>Teléfono</td>
<td>Correo</td>
<td>Comuna</td>
<td>Creado</td>
<td>Actualizado</td>
<!-- Columnas extra para edición y eliminación -->
<td>Editar</td>
<td>Eliminar</td>
</tr>
<!-- Para ser llenado por PHP -->
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<!-- Editar y Eliminar -->
<td>
<button class="btn btn-warning fa fa-pencil" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modalEdicion" ></button>
</td>
<td>
<button class="btn btn-danger fa fa-trash"></button>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>